Diagnostic approach and grading scheme for canine allergic conjunctivitis.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Ophthalmology
• Dermatology
• Canine Health

Background:

• Allergic conjunctivitis is well-documented in humans but less so in veterinary medicine.
• Canine allergic conjunctivitis (cAC) is an underdiagnosed manifestation of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).
• This study aims to characterize and stage cAC for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize clinical signs of canine allergic conjunctivitis (cAC).
• To develop a clinical staging system for cAC severity.
• To evaluate the correlation between cAC and canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).

Main Methods:

• Retrospective observational study of 122 dogs with diagnosed allergic conjunctivitis.
• Ophthalmological and dermatological examinations were performed.
• Six clinical signs (hyperemia, chemosis, pruritus, epiphora, discharge, keratitis) were scored from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe).

Main Results:

• The majority of dogs (64%) presented with moderate cAC.
• Chemosis, hyperemia, and ocular pruritus were the most frequent signs (79-84%).
• Keratitis correlated positively with cAC severity and chronicity (rho=0.21-0.29, p≤0.02).

Conclusions:

• The triad of hyperemia, chemosis, and ocular pruritus is important for diagnosing cAC.
• A novel grading scheme for cAC can aid veterinary professionals.
• Standardized diagnosis and staging are crucial for managing cAC.