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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Conjugation01:19

Conjugation

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli
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[Discovery, structure and function of plasmid mediated shufflon].

Tian Yi1, Yang Wang1, Jianzhong Shen1

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|February 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The shufflon, a DNA region, diversifies proteins on type IV pili, influencing antimicrobial resistance gene spread. Understanding its role is key to controlling drug-resistant plasmid transmission.

Keywords:
conjugationdrug-resistant plasmidspilVshufflontype Ⅳ pili

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis.
  • Plasmid-mediated conjugation facilitates rapid spread of AMR genes.
  • Type IV pili are crucial for bacterial conjugation and biofilm formation.

Approach:

  • Review of the discovery, structure, and function of the plasmid-mediated shufflon.
  • Analysis of shufflon's role in diversifying pilin proteins.
  • Investigation of shufflon's potential contribution to the spread of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene.

Key Points:

  • The shufflon is a DNA inversion system that diversifies the PilV adhesin at the tip of type IV pili.
  • Shufflon-mediated diversification impacts recipient recognition and conjugation frequency.
  • Shufflon has been identified in various plasmid incompatibility groups (e.g., IncI1, IncI2) and a pathogenicity island.

Conclusions:

  • The shufflon's ability to alter pilin structure may contribute to the efficient dissemination of AMR genes, including mcr-1.
  • Understanding shufflon mechanisms provides insights into drug-resistant plasmid transmission.
  • This review offers a theoretical basis for developing strategies to control AMR spread.