Prophylactic Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients During the
Kelly J Gaffney1, Theresa A Urban2, Mariana Lucena3
1Malignant Hematology & Blood Marrow Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA. gaffneke@musc.edu.
Background:
Our institution has used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as the antibacterial agent of choice for infection prophylaxis during the pre-engraftment period in the allogeneic transplant (allo-HCT) population.
Methods:
This retrospective, single center study was developed to compare the safety of that antibacterial prophylaxis to fluoroquinolones in allo-HCT. The primary endpoint was time to neutrophil engraftment.
Results:
A total of 366 patients were reviewed (TMP-SMX n = 332, fluoroquinolone n = 34). No difference in days to neutrophil engraftment was found (median 15 versus 16 days, p = 0.62). Hyperkalemia was more common in the TMP-SMX cohort (32.2% versus 14.7%, p = 0.035); this did not contribute to a higher rate of agent discontinuation or arrhythmia. There was no significant difference in the incidence of neutropenic fever; however, those in the TMP-SMX cohort were more likely to have microbiologically confirmed bacteremia (24.1% versus 8.8% respectively, p = 0.043). There was no significant difference in infections. No long-term implication of prophylactic antibacterial agent selection was observed in terms of graft-versus-host-disease, underlying disease relapse, or mortality.
Conclusion:
The use of TMP-SMX was associated with a higher likelihood of bacteremia and hyperkalemia; however, this did not result in increased hospital stay, escalation of care, or mortality. The use of TMP-SMX for prophylaxis during the pre-engraftment period for allo-HCT recipients is safe and effective.
