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Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Transformation of Organic Household Leftovers into a Peat Substitute
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Evaluating the potential of hydrochar as a soil amendment.

Daniela Bona1, Daniela Bertoldi1, Gigliola Borgonovo2

  • 1Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele a/A, 38098, Italy.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|February 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Co-composting wine and dairy waste-derived hydrochar (HC) with compost (COM) significantly enhanced plant growth, doubling it compared to compost alone. This stabilized HC, reducing phytotoxicity and improving soil fertility.

Keywords:
(1)H NMR(13)C CPMAS NMRCompostLactuca sativaPhytotoxicityThermal analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Hydrochar (HC), derived from hydrothermal conversion treatment (HTC) of waste, can be phytotoxic.
  • Stabilizing HC through co-composting with compost (COM) may mitigate phytotoxicity and enhance its utility as a soil amendment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of co-composting HC with COM on plant growth and soil properties.
  • To investigate methods for reducing HC phytotoxicity and improving its stability.

Main Methods:

  • HC from wine and dairy waste was mixed with COM at various doses (15-75 Mg ha⁻¹ DM).
  • The mixture underwent aerobic stabilization.
  • Plant growth, chemical composition, spectroscopic, and thermal properties were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Co-composted HC/COM doubled plant growth compared to COM alone.
  • High doses of unstabilized HC led to root anoxia due to easily degradable organic compounds.
  • HC exhibited high dissolved organic matter content, negatively correlated with lettuce growth.

Conclusions:

  • Co-composting HC with COM is an effective strategy to produce a beneficial soil amendment.
  • Stabilization reduces HC phytotoxicity and enhances its potential to improve soil organic matter and fertility.