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Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

49.3K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
2.1K
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

4.6K
Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
4.6K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

583
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
583
Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

1.0K
The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...
1.0K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.9K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.9K

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Correction to "Mechanistic Insights into Protein Corona Formation: The Surface Charge of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Determines the Orientation and the Conformation of Adsorbed BSA Protein".

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<i>mcstas_gisans</i>: combining ray tracing with the distorted-wave Born approximation using <i>McStas</i> and <i>BornAgain</i> for virtual GISANS experiments.

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Zinc Coordination by Thymosin β4: Structural Determinants and Functional Implications.

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Genome-wide Mapping of Drug-DNA Interactions in Cells with COSMIC Crosslinking of Small Molecules to Isolate Chromatin
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Cation and buffer specific effects on the DNA-lipid interaction.

Monica Mura1, Ben Humphreys2, Jennifer Gilbert2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), I-50019, Italy.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|February 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Understanding DNA-lipid interactions is crucial for biosensors and gene delivery. Optimal interactions occur with citrate buffer and potassium chloride, influenced by ion charge screening and water affinity.

Keywords:
DNA-lipid interactionsEllipsometryHofmeister seriesQCM-DSpecific buffer effectsSpecific cation effects: biointerfaces

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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA-lipid layer interactions are fundamental for developing biosensors, synthetic nanopores, scaffolds, and gene-delivery systems.
  • These interactions are significantly influenced by the ionic composition of the surrounding solvent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of pH, buffers, and alkali metal chloride salts on DNA interaction with lipid bilayers.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing DNA adsorption onto lipid bilayers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and ellipsometry measurements.
  • Analyzed DNA adsorption onto DOTAP/DOPC (30:70 mole ratio) lipid bilayers under varying ionic conditions.

Main Results:

  • DNA layer thickness decreased in the order: citrate > phosphate > Tris > HEPES buffers.
  • Cation influence on DNA layer thickness followed the order: K+ > Na+ > Cs+ ∼ Li+.
  • Adsorption is driven by cation-specific charge screening, involving water affinity and ion dispersion forces, resulting in a "bell-shaped" cation sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Buffer and cation specificity significantly modulate DNA-lipid bilayer interactions beyond simple pH effects.
  • Optimal DNA-lipid bilayer interactions are achieved using 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 7.4) and 100 mM KCl.