Can online learning be a reliable alternative to nursing students' learning during a pandemic? - A systematic review...

To compare online learning with traditional face-to-face and blended learning, based on randomized controlled trials, to determine the impact of online learning on nursing students' learning outcomes.

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic search was conducted via English (PubMed, ERIC, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) and Korean databases (RISS, DBpia, and KISS).

Studies published up to the first week of April 2022 were reviewed with a focus on the participants, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design format. Following a primary screening of titles and abstracts, and secondary screening of full texts, 10 randomized controlled trial studies were selected, of which eight were included in the meta-analysis. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, and the final selection was made in consensus.

Online learning had a statistically significant positive effect on nursing students' knowledge, compared with no educational intervention (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.63; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.31 to 1.95). However, there was no significant difference in the impact of online learning on knowledge compared with blended learning (SMD = -0.14; 95 % CI: -0.70 to 0.41) and face-to-face learning (SMD = 0.37; 95 % CI: -0.32 to 1.06). Furthermore, compared with blended learning (SMD = -0.18; 95 % CI: -0.43 to 0.06) and face-to-face learning (SMD = 0.05; 95 % CI: -0.31 to 0.41), there was no significant difference in the impact of online learning on attitudes toward learning.

Online learning in nursing education is not significantly different from blended or face-to-face learning in terms of its impact on knowledge acquisition and attitudes toward learning. The results of this review and meta-analysis highlight the need for selective application of learning methods, taking into account learning environments as well as curricular subjects and topics.