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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections & the Heart.

Kiera Liblik1, Jeffrey Lam1, Alex Pham2

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly impact cardiovascular (CV) health, increasing morbidity and mortality globally. This review summarizes STIs

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.
  • STIs can negatively affect CV health and exacerbate existing CV conditions, disproportionately impacting marginalized populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between STIs and CV health.
  • To highlight STIs with known CV implications.
  • To discuss diagnostic and treatment strategies for managing STIs and their CV consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies examining STIs and cardiovascular health.
  • Identification of specific STIs with documented CV effects.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Multiple STIs, including syphilis, HIV, HPV, HSV, hepatitis B and C, CMV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis, are linked to CV health issues.
  • Untreated STIs and their CV complications pose a greater burden on vulnerable populations.
  • Existing data linking STIs and compromised CV health requires further summarization and integration.

Conclusions:

  • STIs represent a significant, often overlooked, risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Understanding the CV implications of STIs is crucial for comprehensive patient care and public health strategies.
  • Further research and integrated management approaches are needed to address the dual burden of STIs and CV disease.