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Allergic Rhinitis in Preschoolers: A Systematic Review of Diagnostics

Alana F Diniz1, Juliana Ap Ribeiro1, Georgia Vag Lira1

  • 128116Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
|February 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosing allergic rhinitis in preschoolers is challenging. This review found no definitive diagnostic criteria, highlighting the need for validated tests like nasal cytology and specific IgE for this age group.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
  • Systematic Reviews

Background:

  • Diagnosing allergic rhinitis in preschool children presents significant challenges.
  • Existing research often excludes this crucial age group, limiting prevalence data.
  • Lack of standardized diagnostic approaches hinders accurate identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify complementary diagnostic tests for allergic rhinitis in preschoolers.
  • To assess the scientific robustness of available diagnostic methods.
  • To explore the feasibility of developing a diagnostic algorithm for this population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review across SCIELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SCOPUS databases.
  • Keyword search focused on "allergic rhinitis," "diagnosis," and "preschool."
  • Rigorous selection and data extraction from 14 included studies, with quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, but all exhibited high or undetermined risk in quality assessment.
  • Nasal cytology (7 studies), specific IgE (7 studies), and skin prick tests (4 studies) were most frequently reported.
  • Limited evidence exists for other tests like nasal nitric oxide and urinary leukotriene E4.

Conclusions:

  • Currently, no established diagnostic criteria exist for allergic rhinitis in preschool children.
  • Nasal cytology, serum specific IgE, and skin prick tests are the most commonly employed diagnostic tools.
  • Development of reliable diagnostic criteria is essential for a future diagnostic algorithm.
Abstract

Keywords:
allergic rhinitiscomplementary testsdiagnosisdiagnostic algorithmimmediate hypersensitivity skin testnasal cytologynasal nitric oxidespecific IgEtotal IgE and preschool

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