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Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Published on: December 1, 2023

357

Mortality and morbidity of extremely low birth weight infants in Japan, 2015

Tokuo Miyazawa1,2, Hitomi Arahori1,3, Satoshi Ohnishi1,4

  • 1The Committee on Neonatal Medicine, Japan Pediatric Society, Tokyo, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|February 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Mortality for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in Japan has significantly decreased between 2005 and 2015. However, chronic lung disease (CLD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remain high concerns for survivors.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in Japan face low mortality but high rates of chronic lung disease (CLD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  • Understanding short-term outcomes and influencing factors for ELBW infants is crucial for improving neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) survival and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate mortality and morbidity in ELBW infants born in 2015 and admitted to Japanese NICUs.
  • To identify factors influencing short-term outcomes in these infants.
  • To compare mortality trends of ELBW infants across 2005, 2010, and 2015.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality, morbidity, and short-term outcome factors for 2782 ELBW infants admitted to Japanese NICUs in 2015.
  • Utilized multiple logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for mortality.

Main Results:

  • ELBW infant mortality rates in Japanese NICUs decreased from 17.0% (2005) to 9.8% (2015).
  • Short gestational age and low birthweight Z-score increased mortality risk; Cesarean section and antenatal corticosteroids reduced risk.
  • Among survivors, CLD affected 53.1% and ROP requiring treatment affected 30.4%.

Conclusions:

  • Significant reduction in ELBW infant mortality observed in Japan from 2005-2015.
  • Chronic lung disease and retinopathy of prematurity are critical issues impacting long-term quality of life for surviving ELBW infants.
  • Enhanced prevention and management strategies for CLD and ROP are essential in Japanese neonatal care.
Abstract

Keywords:
antenatal corticosteroidcesarean sectionextremely low birthweight infantmorbiditymortality

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