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Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Candidiasis and Other Emerging Yeasts.

Megha Sharma1, Arunaloke Chakrabarti2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India.

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|February 6, 2023
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Summary

Invasive candidiasis (IC) and emerging yeast infections pose challenges due to evolving virulence and antifungal resistance. Accurate identification and understanding local epidemiology are crucial for managing these difficult-to-treat infections in vulnerable patients.

Keywords:
Emerging fungiFungal taxonomyInvasive candidiasisNon-albicans Candida

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Healthcare advancements have increased vulnerable populations, leading to emerging rare yeast infections.
  • Both *Candida* and non-*Candida* yeasts are causing sporadic cases and outbreaks in healthcare settings.
  • Diagnostic tools now allow for precise identification of rare yeasts and their clinical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of invasive candidiasis (IC) and emerging yeast infections.
  • To discuss challenges related to at-risk populations, virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility.
  • To highlight the need for updated identification methods and epidemiological surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contemporary literature on invasive candidiasis and emerging yeast infections.
  • Analysis of current challenges in diagnosis and management.
  • Discussion of recent findings in yeast epidemiology and antifungal resistance.

Main Results:

  • *Candida tropicalis* is increasingly prevalent in Asian ICUs, surpassing *Candida albicans*.
  • *Candida auris* is a rapidly emerging global health threat.
  • Genomic research necessitates updated identification techniques like MALDI-TOF MS or ITS sequencing for accurate yeast classification.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of emerging yeasts is critical, requiring updated diagnostic methods.
  • Understanding the distinct epidemiology and susceptibility profiles of known and novel yeasts is essential for effective patient management.
  • Local epidemiological surveillance is vital for improving outcomes in invasive and emerging yeast infections.