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Vam6 reduces iNKT cell function in tumor via modulating AMPK/mTOR pathways.

Shiyu Bai1,2, Qielan Wu1,2, Shasha Zhu3

  • 1Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

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Vam6 protein impairs anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting mTORC1 activation in iNKT cells. Reducing Vam6 enhances iNKT cell function and anti-tumor efficacy, suggesting Vam6 as a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
AMPKRab7a-Vam6-AMPK complexVam6iNKT cellsmTORC1

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • mTORC1 activation is crucial for the anti-tumor functions of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells.
  • The mechanisms causing impaired mTORC1 activation within tumor-infiltrating iNKT cells are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Vam6 in regulating mTORC1 activation and the function of intratumoral iNKT cells.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Vam6 affects iNKT cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of Vam6 mice.
  • Flow cytometry and imaging approaches.
  • RNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Increased Vam6 expression in intratumoral iNKT cells correlates with impaired mTORC1 activation and reduced IFN-γ production.
  • Vam6 facilitates the formation of a Rab7a-Vam6-AMPK complex, recruiting AMPK to lysosomes and activating it as an mTORC1 inhibitor.
  • Vam6 counteracts VDAC1's inhibition of the Rab7a-Vam6-AMPK complex at mitochondria-lysosome contact sites.
  • Tumor-derived lactic acid upregulates Vam6 expression in iNKT cells.

Conclusions:

  • Vam6 negatively regulates mTORC1 activation and anti-tumor function in iNKT cells.
  • Targeting Vam6 can restore iNKT cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.
  • Vam6 represents a potential therapeutic target for enhancing iNKT cell-based cancer immunotherapy.