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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

424
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
424
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
25
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

61
The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
61
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

184
The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
184
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

19
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
19
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

1.2K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Urinary dysfunction in patients with vascular cognitive impairment.

Panpan Zhao1, Guimei Zhang1, Yanxin Shen1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|February 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and urinary dysfunction (UD) often coexist, particularly in older adults. Understanding their complex interaction is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
overactive bladderurinary dysfunctionurinary incontinencevascular cognitive impairmentwhite matter lesions

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Urology

Background:

  • Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses cognitive disorders stemming from vascular issues, frequently co-occurring with urinary dysfunction (UD) in older adults.
  • UD may precede cognitive decline in VCI patients due to stroke or white matter changes, often leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment.
  • The interplay between VCI and UD significantly impacts patient quality of life and necessitates comprehensive assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the clinical features, imaging, and pathology of UD in VCI patients.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations for UD in the context of VCI.
  • To emphasize the need for increased awareness and research into the VCI-UD connection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on urinary dysfunction and vascular cognitive impairment.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools (urinalysis, voiding diaries, urodynamics), and imaging findings.
  • Synthesis of information on the neural circuitry and pathological mechanisms linking VCI and UD.

Main Results:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) is identified as the most prevalent form of UD in VCI, with urinary incontinence being the most common symptom.
  • The specific neural pathways connecting VCI and UD remain incompletely understood.
  • Current treatments for OAB, such as anti-acetylcholine drugs, may exacerbate cognitive impairment, creating a challenging clinical scenario.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized treatment plans are essential for managing the complex interaction between UD and VCI.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the brain-urinary circuit in VCI and develop effective, non-detrimental therapies.
  • Improving diagnostic rates and treatment strategies for UD in VCI patients is a critical clinical goal.