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Maternal Infection during Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and
Erfan Ayubi1,2, Kamyar Mansori3,4
1Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Background:
We aimed to determine the association between maternal infections during pregnancy with risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed utilizing the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to July 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to estimate pooled relative risk (RR). Heterogeneity, study quality and publication bias were assessed through I2 value, Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Egger's test, respectively.
Results:
Thirteen articles involving 1401904 mother-child pairs were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that the risk of ADHD increased by 30% among children whose mothers took any infections during pregnancy (pooled RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.49; I2=85.5, P<0.001). Overall, the included studies were good in quality and no publication bias was found (P=0.23, Egger's test).
Conclusion:
Maternal infections during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in children.
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