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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Comparative Study of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with or without Preservation of Nasal Mucosal Flap.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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'Primary Thyroid Tuberculosis'-The Masquerader: A Case Report.

Aneena Chacko1, K Ajaykumar2, C G Geetha3

  • 1Department of ENT, Amala Medical College, Thrissur, 680555 Kerala India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|February 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis of the thyroid is rare, even in high-prevalence areas. Maintaining high clinical suspicion is crucial to avoid unnecessary thyroid removal.

Keywords:
Thyroid tuberculosisZiehl neelsen staining

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) of the thyroid is an uncommon condition, particularly primary thyroid TB.
  • The thyroid gland possesses inherent relative immunity, contributing to its rarity.
  • Clinical presentations are variable, mimicking benign or malignant thyroid conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the rarity and diagnostic challenges of thyroid tuberculosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion in diagnosis and management.
  • To discuss diagnostic modalities and prevent overtreatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings.
  • Discussion of aspiration cytology and histological diagnosis.
  • Emphasis on caseating granuloma and acid-fast staining for confirmation.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid TB presents unpredictably, with varied symptoms.
  • Aspiration cytology has a low diagnostic yield.
  • Histological examination with caseating granuloma and acid-fast staining is confirmatory.

Conclusions:

  • High clinical suspicion is essential for diagnosing thyroid tuberculosis.
  • Histological diagnosis is definitive.
  • Avoiding total thyroidectomy is possible with accurate diagnosis.