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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
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Forensic Discrimination of Drug Powder Based on Drug Mixing Condition Determined Using Micro Fourier Transform

Takahiro Iwai1, Sadao Honda2, Shimpei Watanabe1

  • 1RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo679-5148, Japan.

ACS Omega
|February 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic analysis of drug powders was improved using micro Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to quantify mixing conditions. Synchrotron radiation (SR) FT-IR offered superior discrimination of simulated drug mixtures compared to globar light.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Accurate quantitative analysis of drug mixtures is crucial for forensic applications.
  • Microscopic Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy offers potential for characterizing drug powder homogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively evaluate different drug powder mixing methods using micro FT-IR spectroscopy.
  • To assess the effectiveness of synchrotron radiation (SR) versus globar light for discriminating mixture homogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Four mixing methods were applied to Bromhexine hydrochloride (BHCl) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA).
  • Micro FT-IR mapping was performed using SR and globar light with varying aperture sizes and scan steps.
  • Relative Content Ratio (RCR), percentage of Extreme Values (%EV), and Coefficient of Variation (CV) were calculated to assess mixing quality.

Main Results:

  • Distinct RCR distributions and %EV/CV values were observed for the four mixing methods.
  • SR-FT-IR provided superior discrimination capacity compared to globar light FT-IR.
  • The study successfully differentiated between simple mixing, homogenization, and dissolution-drying-homogenization techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Micro FT-IR spectroscopy, particularly with SR, is a powerful tool for quantitatively evaluating drug powder mixing homogeneity.
  • The developed indices (%EV and CV) effectively characterize and differentiate mixing states for forensic analysis.
  • This method enhances the forensic discrimination of illicit drug preparations.