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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Do pre-schoolers with high touchscreen use show executive function differences?

Ana Maria Portugal1,2,3, Alexandra Hendry4,5, Tim J Smith1

  • 1Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK.

Computers in Human Behavior
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This summary is machine-generated.

High touchscreen use in early childhood is linked to poorer working memory and cognitive flexibility. Non-child-directed TV viewing was associated with lower impulse control in young children.

Keywords:
Cognitive flexibilityExecutive functionInhibitory controlMobile touchscreen mediaToddlerWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Media Psychology

Background:

  • Increasing digital media use in children, including touchscreens and TV, is a growing concern.
  • Executive Functions (EF) are crucial for cognitive and behavioral development in early childhood.
  • Hypotheses suggest touchscreen stimulation may favor bottom-up attention, potentially hindering top-down control crucial for EF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between touchscreen use and two key Executive Function components: working memory/cognitive flexibility and impulse/self-control.
  • To examine both concurrent and longitudinal relationships in a toddler and preschool sample.
  • To build upon developmental models of Executive Functions, considering their bidimensional structure.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 46 children (23 girls) assessed at 3.5 years old.
  • Participants were matched at 12 months on background variables, including temperament.
  • Children underwent lab-based assessments for Executive Functions, with touchscreen use categorized as high (≥15 min/day) or low (<15 min/day).

Main Results:

  • High touchscreen use was associated with significantly reduced performance in working memory and cognitive flexibility tasks.
  • This association became non-significant when controlling for background television exposure.
  • Impulse/self-control showed no significant association with touchscreen use but was negatively linked to non-child-directed television viewing.

Conclusions:

  • Results offer partial support for the hypothesis that touchscreen use may impact top-down behavioral control in young children.
  • The broader media environment, including television, appears implicated in early Executive Function development.
  • Further research is needed to establish causality, replicate findings, and explore potential bidirectionality between screen use and cognitive predispositions.