Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

179
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
179
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

264
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
264
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

477
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
477
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

552
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
552
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

414
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
414
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

478
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
478

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Simultaneous Isolation and Characterization of Lipoprotein Classes in Plasma, Including HDL Subclasses and the Uncharacterized Dense HDL.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Preclinical Efficacy of a Hemostatic Agent in Overcoming Dual Antiplatelet Therapy.

JACC. Basic to translational science·2025
Same author

Phenotypic landscape of an invasive fungal pathogen reveals its unique biology.

Cell·2025
Same author

Large-scale differentiation of iPSC-derived motor neurons from ALS and control subjects.

Neuron·2025
Same author

Phenotypic landscape of a fungal meningitis pathogen reveals its unique biology.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Disease related changes in ATAC-seq of iPSC-derived motor neuron lines from ALS patients and controls.

Nature communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.4K

General Anesthesia and the Premature Baby: Identifying Risks for Poor Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

Jerri C Price1, Susan Lei1, Thomas G Diacovo2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.

Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
|February 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Extremely preterm infants face higher risks of neurodevelopmental disabilities due to prematurity and drug exposures. This review examines how anesthesia and other medications impact brain development in these vulnerable newborns.

More Related Videos

Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain
08:23

Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain

Published on: May 12, 2018

9.6K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

86.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.4K
Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain
08:23

Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain

Published on: May 12, 2018

9.6K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

86.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Preterm birth impacts 1 in 10 US infants, with increasing survival rates for extremely preterm neonates (born 22-24 weeks gestation).
  • Infants born before 28 weeks gestation face high morbidity and mortality rates.
  • These infants often undergo multiple surgeries, leading to prolonged exposure to anesthetic, analgesic, and sedative agents.

Conclusions:

  • Extremely preterm infants are a vulnerable population requiring specialized care.
  • Understanding the neurodevelopmental impact of prematurity-related morbidities and drug exposures is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for these infants.