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Memory Problems in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review.
William M Jackson1, Matthew Monteleone2, An Kim1
1Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
|February 6, 2023
Summary
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) show increased risks for memory problems, particularly in short-term visual memory. Further research is needed to standardize measures and quantify these cognitive deficits.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Improved survival rates for congenital heart disease (CHD) mean more children are living into adulthood.
- Children with CHD experience higher rates of cognitive and behavioral issues compared to healthy peers.
- A comprehensive review of memory task performance in CHD populations has been lacking.
Approach:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO) from 1986 to 2022.
- Included studies focused on children over 3 years old with CHD, excluding heart transplant recipients and those requiring ECMO.
- Thirty-one studies reporting neuropsychological memory test results in CHD patients were analyzed.
Key Points:
- Evidence suggests deficits in various memory domains, including short-term, long-term, visual, and verbal memory.
- Substantial heterogeneity exists across studies, making direct comparisons challenging.
- Short-term visual memory appears to be the most frequently affected memory subdomain in children with CHD.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with congenital heart disease face an elevated risk of memory impairments.
- The heterogeneity of existing research prevents precise quantification of memory problem risks.
- Standardized outcome measures and control for confounding variables are crucial for future research in this area.
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