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Extra-axonal contribution to double diffusion encoding-based pore size estimates in the corticospinal tract.

Patricia Ulloa1, Vincent Methot2, Viktor Wottschel3

  • 1Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany. pat.ulloaalmendras@uni-luebeck.de.

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Summary

Double diffusion encoding MRI (DDE-MRI) compartment size overestimation may stem from the extracellular space. Analyzing signal differences reveals the influence of this extra-axonal space on DDE-MRI measurements.

Keywords:
Diffusion anisotropyExtracellular spaceMicrostructureMultiple wave vector diffusion weightingSize estimatesWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Diffusion encoding MRI (DDE-MRI) is sensitive to microstructural properties.
  • Overestimation of compartment size in DDE-MRI has been observed in vivo.
  • The origin of this overestimation, particularly in the human corticospinal tract, requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of compartment size overestimation in DDE-MRI.
  • To determine if the extracellular space contributes to the DDE signal.
  • To leverage DDE's sensitivity to pore shape to identify signal origins.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations using the MISST model.
  • In vivo DDE-MRI experiments in eight healthy volunteers.
  • Analysis of signal differences between parallel and perpendicular diffusion gradient orientations using statistical tests (Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney U).

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant difference was observed between parallel and perpendicular diffusion gradient orientation signals in both simulations and in vivo experiments.
  • This difference indicates varying contributions based on gradient orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The DDE-based size estimate appears significantly influenced by the extra-axonal compartment.
  • Experimental results are also compatible with intra-axonal contributions combined with substantial fiber orientation dispersion.