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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

571
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
571
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
468
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

403
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
403
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

252
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Cognition: A Study in Mental Economy.

Zachary Wojtowicz1, George Loewenstein2

  • 1Department of Economics and Department of Negotiations, Organizations & Markets, Harvard University.

Cognitive Science
|February 6, 2023
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Summary

An economic perspective on cognition offers a powerful framework for understanding the mind. This approach fosters collaboration between cognitive science and economics, benefiting both fields.

Keywords:
AttentionMemoryResource-rational analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Economics
  • Interdisciplinary Studies

Background:

  • The study explores the integration of economic principles into cognitive science.
  • It highlights the historical and potential future role of economic perspectives in understanding the mind.

Discussion:

  • Cognition is framed as the productive application of mental resources.
  • This economic viewpoint establishes common conceptual ground between cognitive science and economics.
  • It facilitates the application of economic tools to study mental phenomena.

Key Insights:

  • Viewing cognition through an economic lens enhances the study of mental processes.
  • This interdisciplinary approach allows for the repurposing of economic concepts and analytical tools.
  • It deepens the understanding of modern economies driven by mental production.

Outlook:

  • Fosters closer collaboration between cognitive scientists and economists.
  • Enriches the understanding of mental production in the modern economy.
  • Suggests a continued and central role for economic perspectives in cognitive science development.