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Changing perspectives on early hominin diets.

Mark F Teaford1, Peter S Ungar2, Frederick E Grine3,4

  • 1Department of Basic Science, Touro University, Vallejo, CA 94592.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Understanding extinct hominin diets is key to human evolution. New multi-proxy methods, combining direct evidence with traditional techniques, offer deeper insights into early hominin diets and paleobiology.

Keywords:
dental calculusdental microwearhomininphytolithsstable isotope

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Knowledge of extinct hominin diets is crucial for understanding their ecology and human evolution.
  • Traditional methods like dental morphology provide species-level dietary capabilities.
  • Recent advances offer more direct evidence of consumed foods in fossil remains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate various methods for reconstructing hominin diets.
  • To explore how direct evidence, combined with other techniques, challenges traditional interpretations.
  • To enhance paleobiological interpretations of early hominin dietary practices.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dental calculus, biogeochemistry, and dental microwear for direct dietary evidence.
  • Integration of these direct methods with traditional approaches (e.g., tooth morphology).
  • Comparative analysis of multi-proxy data against established dietary models.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence from dental calculus, biogeochemistry, and microwear provides insights into individual diets.
  • Multi-proxy approaches can reveal nuances and challenge long-held assumptions about early hominin diets.
  • These integrated methods offer a more comprehensive understanding of hominin dietary ecology.

Conclusions:

  • Direct dietary evidence, when combined with other techniques, significantly refines our understanding of extinct hominin diets.
  • Multi-proxy approaches are essential for a robust reconstruction of hominin paleobiology.
  • This integrated methodology promises to reshape interpretations of early human evolution.