Advanced Biomaterials for Promoting Endometrial Regeneration

The endometrium, as the innermost structure of the uterine cavity, plays a direct role in the implantation of the fertilized egg, its conception, and the formation of normal menstruation. In recent years, with the increasing rate of uterus-related surgeries, the damaged endometrium often fails to repair itself to its original state, resulting in a high incidence of menstrual disorders and reduced fertility in women in their reproductive years. Therefore, it is essential to repair the damaged endometrium to reduce menstrual disorders, pregnancy difficulties, and other adverse events. Biomaterials have become an important medical tool for tissue repair due to their excellent biocompatibility, shape plasticity, and functional versatility. Functional biomedical materials play an important role in endometrial repair through rational design, which is expected to fundamentally address the current shortcomings of endometrial repair to maximize repair, maintain female fertility, and solve the problem of medically induced endometrial destruction. This review describes the potential and several aspects of the design, function, and application of different biomedical materials capable of repairing endometrium. In brief, this review provides a comprehensive summary and outlook of biomaterials for endometrial repair.