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Examining COVID-19 Tweet Diffusion Using an Integrated Social Amplification of Risk and Issue-Attention Cycle
Edmund W J Lee1, Han Zheng2, Dion H-L Goh1
1Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Health Communication
|February 6, 2023
Summary
COVID-19 risk on social media was amplified by specific topics, negative emotions, and shifting global hotspots. Early amplification involved political figures and speculation, highlighting initial distrust and misplaced optimism.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Communication Studies
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic generated a massive volume of social media discourse.
- Understanding risk communication on social media is crucial for public health.
- Existing frameworks like social amplification of risk (SARF) and issue-attention cycle offer lenses to analyze this discourse.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the amplification of COVID-19 risk-related tweets.
- To identify how topics, sentiment (temperament), and location (topography) influence tweet amplification over time (temporality).
- To explore the dynamics of COVID-19 discourse within the issue-attention cycle.
Main Methods:
- Computational analysis of 1,641,273 COVID-19 tweets.
- Manual content analysis of 6,000 tweets for topic, sentiment, and location.
- Negative binomial regression to assess factors associated with retweet and favorite counts (risk amplification).
Main Results:
- Eleven dominant COVID-19 topics were identified, including health/economic impacts, lockdowns, cases, and preventive measures.
- Early amplification (pre-problem stage) was driven by political topics (President Trump), origin speculation, and non-government initiatives, indicating politicization and distrust.
- Negative emotions consistently amplified tweets, while positive emotions amplified during the pandemic's peak, suggesting misplaced optimism. Amplification geographically mirrored COVID-19 hotspots.
Conclusions:
- Social media amplifies COVID-19 risk through specific topics, emotional content, and geographic spread, reflecting the issue-attention cycle.
- The early politicization of COVID-19 on social media eroded trust in government responses.
- Understanding these amplification mechanisms is vital for effective public health communication and risk management strategies.