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Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Interplay Between Trichoderma stromaticum and the Mammalian Immune System
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Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Interplay Between Trichoderma stromaticum and the Mammalian Immune System

Published on: October 20, 2023

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Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations

Uener Ribeiro Dos Santos1, Jane Lima Dos Santos1

  • 1Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews
|February 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Human infections from Trichoderma, a common biofertilizer, are rising. This review details global infections, clinical features, and effective antifungal treatments for Trichoderma, aiding patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Trichoderma, a widely used biofertilizer and biocontrol agent, is increasingly implicated in human infections.
  • Growing reports highlight the challenge of treating Trichoderma infections due to high antifungal drug resistance.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes global data on Trichoderma infection sources and distribution.
  • It examines clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, and treatment outcomes.
  • Antifungal susceptibility profiles of recent Trichoderma isolates are analyzed.

Key Points:

  • Infections affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Sources of infection include air, agriculture, and healthcare settings.
  • Treatment is complicated by isolates with high minimum inhibitory concentrations to standard antifungals.

Conclusions:

  • Effective therapeutic strategies and optimal antifungal treatments are highlighted.
  • Further evaluation of specific antifungal drugs is recommended for emerging Trichoderma infections.
Keywords:
TrichodermaTrichodermosisantifungalsbiological control agentsopportunistic infection

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