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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hadakaviridae 2023.

Yukiyo Sato1,2, Massimo Turina3, Sotaro Chiba4

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The virus family Hadakaviridae contains naked viruses with segmented RNA genomes that infect fungi. These viruses lack a protective capsid, distinguishing them from related virus families.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Mycology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The family Hadakaviridae comprises viruses characterized by their lack of a capsid.
  • These viruses possess a 10- or 11-segmented positive-sense RNA genome.
  • Known hosts for Hadakaviridae are filamentous fungi within the Ascomycota phylum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Hadakaviridae.
  • To delineate the taxonomic and biological characteristics of this unique virus family.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing taxonomic data and research findings on Hadakaviridae.
  • Comparative analysis with related viral families, such as Polymycoviridae and picorna-like viruses.

Main Results:

  • Hadakaviridae viruses are distinguished by their naked nature ('hadaka' meaning naked in Japanese).
  • They possess segmented positive-sense RNA genomes and infect filamentous fungi.
  • Their lack of a capsid renders them unpelletable by standard ultracentrifugation and susceptible to ribonuclease in host homogenates.

Conclusions:

  • Hadakaviridae represents a distinct viral family with unique structural and genomic features.
  • The classification highlights the diversity of viral strategies, particularly in capsidless viruses.
  • Further research into these fungi-infecting viruses can provide insights into viral evolution and host interactions.