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QSM Throughout the Body.

Alexey V Dimov1, Jiahao Li1, Thanh D Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|February 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) now extends beyond the brain to analyze magnetic materials in various body tissues. Essential fat-water separation and motion correction techniques enable new applications in diverse organs and conditions.

Keywords:
body imagingquantitative imagingquantitative susceptibility mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a technique used to study magnetic materials in biological tissues.
  • While predominantly used in the brain, QSM's application is expanding to non-cranial tissues.
  • QSM leverages the magnetic susceptibility of substances like iron, calcium, and collagen to create contrast in MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the adaptation and application of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for imaging outside the human brain.
  • To address the challenges and necessary corrections for implementing QSM in body imaging.
  • To showcase the diverse potential applications of body QSM in clinical and research settings.

Main Methods:

  • QSM relies on the phase shifts in gradient echo MRI sequences caused by magnetic susceptibility variations.
  • A critical step for body QSM is water-fat separation to correct for the confounding chemical shift of fat.
  • Techniques for compensating cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts are employed to improve image quality.

Main Results:

  • Successful application of body QSM requires accurate water-fat separation to isolate susceptibility effects.
  • Motion compensation techniques are vital for reliable QSM in dynamic body regions.
  • Body QSM has demonstrated utility in evaluating liver iron/fibrosis, cardiac blood oxygenation, myocardial hemorrhage, and more.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a versatile technique adaptable for non-brain imaging.
  • Water-fat separation and motion correction are crucial for accurate body QSM.
  • Body QSM offers promising avenues for diagnosing and monitoring various conditions affecting organs, vasculature, and calcifications.