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Updated: Aug 11, 2025
An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Published on: September 24, 2020
[Enucleation of pancreatic tumors: a multiple-center study]
V A Solodkiy1, A G Kriger1, G G Akhaladze1
1Russian Research Center for Radiology, Moscow, Russia.
Objective:
To evaluate the immediate results of enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs).
Material And Methods:
The results of enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) were analyzed in 95 patients between 2016 and 2021. Functioning tumors (mean size 16.8 mm) were found in 70 patients, non-functioning (mean size 25 mm) - in 25 patients. Intraparenchymal tumors were found in 48 people, extraorganic lesion - in 47 patients.
Results:
There were 262 patients with pNETs who underwent various surgeries between 2016 and 2021. Various resections were performed in 167 (63.8%) cases, enucleations - in 95 (36.2%) patients. Traditional surgical approach was used in 65 patients. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 21 patients (type B - 17, type C - 4), while arrosive bleeding occurred in 6 patients with unfavorable outcomes in 2 cases. Minimally invasive surgeries were performed in 30 patients. Eight patients with intraparenchymal tumors required conversion to open surgery. Type B pancreatic fistula occurred in 5 patients that led to arrosive bleeding in 2 cases (hemostasis was provided by endovascular method). Comparison of intraparenchymal and extraorgan tumors regarding the incidence of pancreatic fistula revealed odds ratio 5.26 (95% CI 1.5355; 18.0323, p=0.0041). Postoperative mortality was 2.1%.
Conclusion:
Enucleation is advisable for highly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors up to 2 cm. Minimally invasive enucleation is indicated for extraorgan tumors. Intraparenchymal tumors significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications.
Insights
Enucleation is a suitable surgical option for small, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Minimally invasive approaches are recommended for extraorganic pNETs, while intraparenchymal tumors carry a higher risk of complications.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Surgical Oncology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms.
- Surgical management of pNETs aims for complete tumor removal while minimizing morbidity.
- Enucleation is a conservative surgical approach for selected pNETs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the immediate outcomes of enucleation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs).
- To compare enucleation with other surgical techniques for pNETs.
- To identify factors influencing postoperative complications after pNET surgery.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 95 patients who underwent enucleation for pNETs between 2016 and 2021.
- Comparison with 167 patients who underwent other resections for pNETs during the same period.
- Analysis of tumor characteristics (functioning vs. non-functioning, size, location) and surgical approach (traditional vs. minimally invasive).
Main Results:
- Enucleation was performed in 36.2% of 262 pNET patients.
- Pancreatic fistula occurred in 21% of patients undergoing traditional surgery, with a higher incidence in intraparenchymal tumors (OR 5.26, p=0.0041).
- Postoperative mortality was 2.1%.
Conclusions:
- Enucleation is recommended for highly differentiated pNETs up to 2 cm.
- Minimally invasive enucleation is suitable for extraorganic pNETs.
- Intraparenchymal location significantly increases the risk of postoperative complications.
