Bifunctional photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on heterostructured Ag₃PO₄/Ag/TiO₂ nanorod array for determination...

Constructing of heterostructures can significantly improve the photoelectrical (PEC) response signal by promoting the migration and suppressing the recombination of photogenerated carries. A bifunctional PEC sensing platform was designed for simultaneous high-performance detection of mucin-1 (MUC1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which was based on generated Z-scheme heterostructured Ag₃PO₄/Ag/TiO₂ nanorod arrays (NAs) and enzyme-mediated catalytic precipitation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Au/hollow Co₃O₄ polyhedron. The proposed aptasensor displayed linear ranges of 1.0-100 ng mL^-1 and 0.1-50 ng mL^-1 for MUC1 and CEA with limit of detections of 0.430 and 0.058 ng mL^-1, respectively. This strategy offers potential applications for early diagnosis, monitoring progression, and even evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer in practice.