A small-molecule drug inhibits autophagy gene expression through the central regulator TFEB

Autophagy supports the fast growth of established tumors and promotes tumor resistance to multiple treatments. Inhibition of autophagy is a promising strategy for tumor therapy. However, effective autophagy inhibitors suitable for clinical use are currently lacking. There is a high demand for identifying novel autophagy drug targets and potent inhibitors with drug-like properties. The transcription factor EB (TFEB) is the central transcriptional regulator of autophagy, which promotes lysosomal biogenesis and functions and systematically up-regulates autophagy. Despite extensive evidence that TFEB is a promising target for autophagy inhibition, no small molecular TFEB inhibitors were reported. Here, we show that an United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug Eltrombopag (EO) binds to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper domain of TFEB, specifically the bottom surface of helix-loop-helix to clash with DNA recognition, and disrupts TFEB-DNA interaction in vitro and in cellular context. EO selectively inhibits TFEB's transcriptional activity at the genomic scale according to RNA sequencing analyses, blocks autophagy in a dose-dependent manner, and increases the sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide in vivo. Together, this work reveals that TFEB is targetable and presents the first direct TFEB inhibitor EO, a drug compound with great potential to benefit a wide range of cancer therapies by inhibiting autophagy.