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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Risk factors for incident open-angle glaucoma in clinical practice in Sweden: A population-based case-control study.

Curt Ekström1, Karl Hårleman1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Acta Ophthalmologica
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Increased intraocular pressure is a key predictor of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in older adults. Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) was found to be rare in this clinical practice study.

Keywords:
case-control studyepidemiologyhealth careintraocular pressurenormal-tension glaucomaopen-angle glaucomapseudoexfoliationrisk factor

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Identifying predictors of OAG is crucial for early detection and intervention in clinical practice.
  • Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) represents a subtype of OAG where optic nerve damage occurs despite normal intraocular pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of incident open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in newly diagnosed patients within a defined population.
  • To estimate the frequency of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) among OAG cases detected in clinical practice.
  • To analyze risk factors associated with OAG in individuals aged 55-84 years.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was nested within a cohort of 544 individuals aged 55-84 years in rural Sweden.
  • Automated perimetry was employed to diagnose cases of OAG.
  • Data were collected from 1988 to 2003, including clinical examinations and patient registers.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-nine cases of incident OAG were identified.
  • Key predictors of OAG included increased intraocular pressure (IOP), older age, male sex, positive family history, pseudoexfoliation (PEX), and optic disc hemorrhages.
  • A five-unit increase in IOP (mmHg) was associated with a four-fold increased risk of OAG (OR 4.04).
  • Pseudoexfoliation's effect on OAG risk was primarily mediated by elevated IOP.
  • Only six cases of NTG were diagnosed, indicating its rarity.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated intraocular pressure is a significant predictor of incident open-angle glaucoma in individuals aged 55-84 years.
  • Normal-tension glaucoma is an uncommon diagnosis in this clinical setting.
  • These findings underscore the importance of monitoring IOP for OAG risk assessment in primary eye care.