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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

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Irreducible Knee Dislocation With Vastus Medialis Muscle Interposition: A Case Report.

Nicolae Angan¹, Boris Feghiu², Nicolae Gheorghiu²

¹Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, IRL.

|February 8, 2023

Summary

Irreducible knee dislocation (KD) is a rare injury where tissues block joint movement, often needing surgery. This case highlights intra-articular muscle interposition requiring open reduction for successful knee joint treatment.

Keywords:

complicated knee dislocation irreducible knee dislocation open reduction posterolateral knee dislocation vastus medialis interposition

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Trauma Care
Sports Medicine

Background:

Irreducible knee dislocation (KD) is a rare, high-velocity injury.
It involves interposition of soft tissues within the joint space, often necessitating open reduction.
This specific presentation is infrequently documented in medical literature.

Observation:

A 69-year-old male sustained a right knee dislocation after a fall.
Initial closed reduction attempts under anesthesia failed.
The patient presented with knee deformity but no distal neurovascular compromise.

Findings:

Intraoperative findings revealed cruciate ligament and extensive capsule tears.
A key finding was the interposition of the vastus medialis muscle within the knee joint, obstructing reduction.
Surgical intervention included muscle release, capsular repair, K-wire stabilization, and immobilization.

Implications:

This case underscores the necessity of open reduction for specific irreducible knee dislocations.
Recognizing soft tissue interposition, such as muscle entrapment, is crucial for timely surgical intervention.
Prompt surgical treatment can mitigate complications and improve functional outcomes in complex knee injuries.