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Itch in diabetes: a common underestimated problem.

Aleksandra A Stefaniak1, Iwona Chlebicka1, Jacek C Szepietowski1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes mellitus is linked to chronic itch, affecting 18.4% to 27.5% of patients. Key causes include dry skin and nerve damage, with topical treatments offering some relief.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusitchpruritus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus frequently presents with cutaneous manifestations.
  • The specific association between diabetes and pruritus (itch) requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on the frequency, pathogenesis, and clinical course of itch in diabetes mellitus.
  • To synthesize current evidence regarding itch as a symptom in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and Cochrane databases.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on original articles, excluding studies with comorbidities, specific drug treatments, animal models, or poor methodology.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of itch in diabetes mellitus ranges from 18.4% to 27.5% based on included studies.
  • Key pathogenic factors identified are xerosis (dry skin) and diabetic polyneuropathy.
  • The relationship between glycemic control and generalized itch remains poorly understood.
  • Topical therapies, particularly emollients, demonstrate significant relief for a variable percentage of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes screening may be beneficial for individuals with chronic itch lacking primary dermatological lesions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking diabetes and itch.