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Hair Cells

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Published on: March 8, 2022

The hidden cochlear implant.

O Ergun¹, O Yildirim², I Bozyel²

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology

|February 8, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a hidden cochlear implant using Bluetooth low energy and transtympanic optical data transfer. Both methods show promise for improved aesthetics and functionality in cochlear implant technology.

Keywords:

Cochlear Implants Inner Ear Quality Of Life

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Otolaryngology
Medical Devices

Background:

The hidden cochlear implant (HCI) concept aims to improve aesthetics and functionality over existing devices.
Two novel data transmission methods are explored: Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and transtympanic optical data transfer (TODT).

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the HCI system and evaluate its performance.
To compare the HCI's data transmission capabilities with current fully implanted cochlear implants (FICIs).

Main Methods:

A BLE module was implanted within the cochlear implant bed.
TODT involved placing a receiver through a posterior tympanotomy and a transmitter in the ear canal.

Main Results:

BLE module achieved a transmission range of 5.2–17.5 meters.
TODT demonstrated a data transfer rate of 1 Mbit/s with 99.22% accuracy, maintaining over 99% accuracy at 250 Kbit/s despite obstacles.
Power consumption was 310 mW for BLE and 41 mW for TODT.

Conclusions:

BLE is suitable for transcutaneous application in cochlear implants.
TODT is a promising and effective technology for cochlear implant data transfer.
HCIs offer potential for improved aesthetics, reliability, magnet-free design, and smart device integration compared to FICIs.