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Updated: Aug 11, 2025
Quantitative Static and Dynamic Assessment of Balance Control in Stroke Patients
Published on: May 17, 2020
Overestimation associated with walking and balance function in individuals diagnosed with a stroke
Katsuya Sakai1, Yuichiro Hosoi2,3, Yusuke Harada4,5
1Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
Background:
An estimation error is the difference between motor imagery and actual motor time. Previous studies have reported that overestimation (motor imagery time < actual motor time) is related to physical functions in healthy individuals. However, this finding is unclear among individuals diagnosed with a stroke.
Objective:
We investigated whether overestimation is related to physical function in individuals diagnosed with a stroke.
Methods:
This study included 71 individuals diagnosed with a stroke (mean age, 67.2 ± 13.4 years; mean time since stroke, 68.4 ± 44.7 days). Imagined timed up and go test (iTUGT) was performed to assess the estimation error. First, the iTUGT was performed; subsequently, the TUGT was performed. The estimation error was calculated by subtracting the TUGT from the iTUGT, with two standard deviations (2 SDs) being calculated. Furthermore, patients were classified into appropriate estimation (AE, within ±2 SD) and overestimation (OE, over -2 SD) groups. Both groups were tested using the estimation error, iTUGT, TUGT, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Brunnstrom Recovery Stage (BRS). Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed.
Results:
The OE group had a significantly higher estimation error than the AE group (OE: -7.08 ± 6.87 s, AE: -0.29 ± 1.53 s, P < .001). Moreover, the OE group had significantly lower TUGT and BBS than the AE group. The estimation error was correlated with the TUGT, BBS, and lower-limb BRS (ρ = -0.454, 0.431, 0.291, respectively; P < .05).
Conclusions:
Overestimation was associated with TUGT and balance function in individuals diagnosed with a stroke.
