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Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
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Hippocampal Hyperconnectivity to the Visual Cortex Predicts Treatment Response.

Eric A Nelson1, Nina V Kraguljac1, Jose O Maximo1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Greater hippocampal connectivity to the occipital cortex predicts antipsychotic treatment response in psychosis spectrum disorders. Antipsychotic medications modulate this connectivity, reducing hyperconnectivity for better clinical outcomes.

Keywords:
antipsychoticfirst-episodehippocampuspsychosisresting-state functional connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Hippocampal dysfunction and altered functional connectivity are implicated in psychosis spectrum disorders.
  • Antipsychotic medications show potential to modulate these hippocampal alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify hippocampal connectivity patterns predicting antipsychotic treatment response.
  • To examine the modulatory effects of antipsychotics on hippocampal connectivity in two patient cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study using resting-state fMRI in medication-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) and unmedicated schizophrenia (SZ) patients.
  • Scans collected before and after 6 weeks of risperidone treatment.
  • Analysis of hippocampal connectivity patterns in relation to clinical response.

Main Results:

  • Increased hippocampal connectivity to the occipital cortex predicted treatment response in both FEP and SZ cohorts.
  • Reduced connectivity to frontal regions predicted response in unmedicated SZ patients.
  • A greater reduction in hippocampal connectivity to the visual cortex correlated with better clinical response.

Conclusions:

  • Hippocampal-occipital cortex connectivity is a key predictor of antipsychotic treatment response.
  • Antipsychotic medications, like risperidone, can modulate hippocampal connectivity, specifically reducing hyperconnectivity to visual cortex regions, leading to improved outcomes.