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Collagen Nanoyarns: Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Biomaterial Constructs.

Chukwuemeka W Chikelu1, Mark Berns2, Dolores Conover1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.

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|February 8, 2023
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Researchers developed collagen nanoyarns (CNY) using modified electrospinning, creating a novel biomaterial scaffold. These cross-linked CNYs show improved mechanical properties and support cell adhesion, indicating potential for tissue engineering applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hierarchical fibrous scaffolds (HFS) mimic native tissue structures like tendon and bone.
  • Modified electrospinning techniques enable the creation of macroscale nanofiber yarns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop continuous yarns of twisted type I collagen nanofibers (collagen nanoyarns, CNY) using a modified electrospinning setup.
  • To characterize the fabricated CNYs and assess their potential as biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Modified electrospinning to create twisted collagen nanoyarns from collagen solution.
  • Cross-linking of CNYs to enhance stability and mechanical properties.
  • Characterization using SEM, mechanical testing, CD, and UV-vis spectroscopy.
  • Cell adhesion studies using HeLa cells cultured on the scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated CNYs exhibited a twisted nanofiber morphology (213 ± 60 nm fiber diameter, 372 ± 23 μm yarn diameter).
  • Cross-linking reduced yarn diameter by 35% and significantly improved mechanical properties and stability.
  • CD spectroscopy confirmed retention of 60% of collagen's triple-helical content.
  • HeLa cells adhered to and aligned with the CNY surface topography.

Conclusions:

  • Collagen nanoyarns represent a promising new class of shapable biomaterial scaffolds.
  • CNYs can serve as building blocks for generating macroscale fiber-based tissues.
  • The study demonstrates the potential of CNYs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.