Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil induced cardiotoxicity: An insight into its modulatory impact on oxidative...

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology
• Toxicology

Background:

• 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a key anticancer drug, but its use is limited by cardiotoxicity.
• Naringin (NRG), a natural flavonoid, is being investigated for potential therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the cardioprotective effects of naringin (NRG) against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model.
• To evaluate the impact of NRG on biochemical markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart following 5-FU administration.

Main Methods:

• Wistar rats were administered NRG (100 mg/kg) and/or 5-FU (150 mg/kg).
• Cardiac biomarkers (cTn-I, CK), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and apoptosis markers (iNOS, NF-κB, caspase-3) were assessed.
• Cardiac histopathology was performed to confirm biochemical findings.

Main Results:

• 5-FU significantly elevated cardiac injury markers (cTn-I, CK), inflammatory mediators, and apoptosis markers while decreasing antioxidant levels.
• Prophylactic administration of NRG significantly mitigated 5-FU-induced increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
• Histopathological examination supported the protective role of NRG against 5-FU cardiotoxicity.

Conclusions:

• Naringin demonstrates significant cardioprotective potential against 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
• NRG may mitigate 5-FU cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
• Naringin is a promising natural flavonoid for managing chemotherapy-related cardiac side effects.