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Phycotoxins and marine annelids - A global review
Estela Pires1, Paulo da Cunha Lana1, Luiz Laureno Mafra1
1Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
Marine annelids are vulnerable to phycotoxins from harmful algal blooms (HABs). This review highlights knowledge gaps in toxin toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, emphasizing annelids as key indicators of HAB impacts.
Area of Science:
- Marine toxicology
- Ecotoxicology
- Harmful algal blooms (HABs)
Background:
- Microalgae produce phycotoxins harmful to aquatic life and consumers.
- Benthic organisms, including annelids, are particularly susceptible to toxins from both benthic and planktonic algae during harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Conclusions:
- Marine annelids are reliable indicators of toxin exposure and HAB impacts due to their sensitivity and widespread presence.
- Further research on phycotoxin TK/TD in annelids is needed, particularly for PbTXs, PSTs, and DA.
- Utilizing abundant annelid species in future studies will strengthen risk assessments for HAB-affected marine environments worldwide.
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