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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Functional and Aesthetic Considerations for Selective Facial Neurectomy with Simultaneous Deep Plane Facelift and Structural Neck Contouring for Facial Paralysis with Synkinesis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

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Modified Selective Neurectomy for Post Facial Paralysis Synkinesis Smile Dysfunction.

Anna Frants1, Babak Azizzadeh2

  • 1Department of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Advanced Facial Plastic Surgery, 9401 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, Suite 650, CA 90212, USA.

Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Facial synkinesis after nerve injury can be treated with modified selective neurectomy. This surgery targets aberrant reinnervation to improve facial movement and create a more natural smile.

Keywords:
Facial paralysisNeurectomyPlatysma myotomySmile dysfunctionSynkinesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Nerve Surgery

Background:

  • Incomplete facial nerve injury can lead to aberrant reinnervation.
  • Aberrant reinnervation causes facial synkinesis, affecting facial movement and symmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a surgical technique for treating facial synkinesis.
  • To improve resting oral commissure position, oral competence, and smile symmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Modified selective neurectomy of the facial nerve.
  • Targeted surgical elimination of antagonist facial movements.

Main Results:

  • Allows favorable facial movements to predominate.
  • Results in improved smile symmetry and spontaneity.

Conclusions:

  • Modified selective neurectomy is an effective treatment for facial synkinesis.
  • This technique can restore a more natural facial expression after paralysis.