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Impaired Brain Growth in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Frederik Bartels1, Birgit Baumgartner1, Annette Aigner1

  • 1From the Department of Neurology (F.B., G.C., C.F.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (F.B.); Berlin School of Mind and Brain (F.B., C.F.), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Witten/Herdecke University (B.B., Annikki Bertolini, K.R.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (A.A.), Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology; Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine (Astrid Blaschek), LMU, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty (M.K.), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pediatric I, Pediatric Neurology (M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Radiology (R.C., A.W.-P.), Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.L.), Hospital Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany; Department Neuropediatrics (M.S.), Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Italy; Department of Pediatrics (P.K.), Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Brandenburg (T.R.), Helios Klinik Hohenstücken, Germany; and Clinical Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) patients show reduced brain volume and impaired growth. MOG-negative ADEM patients experienced more significant brain volume loss than MOG-positive patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a common demyelinating disease in children.
  • Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease is a key phenotype of ADEM.
  • Previous research indicated impaired brain growth in ADEM, but the specific impact of MOG antibodies was unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of MOG antibodies on brain growth in pediatric ADEM.
  • To compare brain volume changes in MOG-positive versus MOG-negative ADEM patients.
  • To analyze longitudinal brain volume changes in relation to ADEM status.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cohort study including 24 pediatric ADEM patients (62 MRI scans).
  • Comparison with healthy controls from NIH pediatric MRI data repository and a local cohort.
  • Mixed-effect models used for group differences and factor analysis, including relapses.

Main Results:

  • ADEM patients, regardless of MOG status, had reduced brain volume at onset compared to controls.
  • Longitudinal analysis showed reduced brain growth in both MOG-positive and MOG-negative ADEM.
  • MOG-negative ADEM patients exhibited significantly greater brain volume reduction than MOG-positive patients.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric ADEM is associated with brain volume loss and impaired age-expected brain growth.
  • MOG-negative status is linked to more pronounced brain volume loss in ADEM.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term implications of these findings.

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