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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Individually separated supramolecular polymer chains toward solution-processable supramolecular polymeric materials.

Takuma Shimada1,2, Yuichiro Watanabe3, Takashi Kajitani4

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.

Chemical Science
|February 9, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel monomer design to prevent supramolecular polymer chains from clumping. This innovation allows for concentrated polymer solutions, enabling the creation of self-standing films and threads.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Supramolecular polymers often aggregate, limiting their solution processing and material fabrication.
  • Achieving high concentrations of supramolecular polymers without undesirable phase transitions (gelation, precipitation, crystallization) is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a monomer design that yields individually separated supramolecular polymer chains.
  • To enable the preparation of concentrated supramolecular polymer solutions.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication of solid-state materials from these solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a monomer featuring randomly introduced alkyl chains of varying lengths.
  • Investigated the solution behavior of the resulting supramolecular polymers at high concentrations.
  • Fabricated self-standing films and threads from the concentrated supramolecular polymer solutions.

Main Results:

  • The designed monomer successfully prevented supramolecular polymer aggregation.
  • Concentrated solutions of the supramolecular polymer were prepared without gelation, precipitation, or crystallization.
  • Self-standing films and threads composed of the supramolecular polymers were successfully fabricated.

Conclusions:

  • The novel monomer design effectively controls supramolecular polymer chain separation.
  • This approach overcomes limitations in processing concentrated supramolecular polymer solutions.
  • The method facilitates the creation of advanced supramolecular polymer-based materials like films and threads.