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Schizophrenia as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes: a comparative risk assessment

S Ali1,2, D Santomauro1,2, A J Ferrari1,2

  • 1School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
|February 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Schizophrenia significantly increases the risk of death from ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and diabetes. These conditions account for a substantial portion of premature deaths and years of life lost in individuals with schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic diseases cause most premature deaths in schizophrenia patients.
  • Understanding the fatal burden of IHD, stroke, and diabetes linked to schizophrenia is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the fatal burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and diabetes attributable to schizophrenia.
  • To estimate deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) due to these conditions in schizophrenia patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Comparative Risk Assessment methodology from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
  • Estimated pooled relative risks (RRs) for IHD, stroke, and diabetes mortality via meta-regression.
  • Combined RRs with GBD schizophrenia prevalence data to calculate attributable deaths and YLLs.

Main Results:

  • Pooled RRs for IHD, stroke, and diabetes mortality were 2.36, 1.86, and 4.08, respectively.
  • Schizophrenia contributed to approximately 50,000 deaths and 1.5 million YLLs globally in 2019 from these conditions.
  • IHD, stroke, and diabetes explained ~13% of all deaths and ~11% of YLLs attributable to schizophrenia, leaving a significant unexplained burden.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifying the physical disease burden attributable to schizophrenia is vital for healthcare planning.
  • This study highlights substantial excess mortality associated with schizophrenia within the GBD framework.
  • Provides an evidence base for improving healthcare for individuals with schizophrenia.
Abstract

Keywords:
Epidemiologyhealth outcomesmental healthschizophrenia

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