How I treat AML incorporating the updated classifications and guidelines.

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Genetics

Background:

• Recent revisions of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) clinical and measurable residual disease (MRD) testing guidelines for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 2021-2022.
• Updated World Health Organization (WHO) and International Consensus Classification (ICC) for myeloid neoplasms published in 2022.
• Growing understanding of AML genetic drivers and biology over the past decade.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the approach to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in daily clinical practice.
• To integrate recent guideline updates into the context of novel therapies and discoveries.
• To provide a practical guide for clinicians managing AML patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of updated clinical guidelines for AML from European LeukemiaNet (2022).
• Incorporation of measurable residual disease (MRD) testing guidelines (2021).
• Consideration of the 2022 WHO and ICC classifications for myeloid neoplasms.

Main Results:

• Updated classification and risk stratification for AML subtypes.
• Revised prognostication and response assessment criteria.
• Integration of genetic abnormalities and germ line predispositions into treatment and counseling.

Conclusions:

• Novel therapies and complex guidelines reflect advances in AML biology and genetics.
• Somatic genetic abnormalities and germ line predispositions are crucial for guiding AML treatment.
• A comprehensive approach integrating recent updates is essential for optimal AML patient management.