Geographic carbon accounting: The roadmap for achieving net-zero emissions in Mauritius Island

Significant climate finance gaps exist for small islands in transitioning to net zero, as climate commitments far outweigh the government budget and international financing. To create alignment between resource allocation and climate commitments, a roadmap for strategic and cost-effective decarbonization is of supreme importance. This paper presents a geographic carbon accounting model which incorporates emissions from electricity, transportation, food systems, and human respiration, whilst accounting for the carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere in view of identifying high-intensity aggregated emissions estimated in the range of 200-215 ktCO_2e in the coastal and inland urban regions of the remote island of Mauritius. An estimated 4641 ktCO_2e, representing 79.4% of overall emissions, has been observed to originate from buildings, food, and waste systems. About 1150 ktCO_2e, accounting for a share of 19.7%, is derived from transport systems. The study advocates for the enhanced participation of local authorities to better contribute to climate governance, whilst supporting legislative, financial, technological, and behavioural reforms. Despite the relatively low sequestration potential of forests replacing all non-habitable lands, which is estimated at 1002 ktCO_2e and representing about 17.1% of annual net emissions, afforestation programmes are encouraged owing to multiple ecosystem services provided by trees.