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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Sars-cov-2 Infection Of Thymus Induces Loss Of Function That Correlates With Disease Severity.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Sars-cov-2 Infection Of Thymus Induces Loss Of Function That Correlates With Disease Severity.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection of thymus induces loss of function that correlates with disease severity.

Marco Rosichini1, Veronica Bordoni2, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 9, 2023

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) targets the human thymus, impairing T-cell generation and reducing thymic function in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This dysfunction correlates with disease severity, suggesting thymic activity as a potential severity marker.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2T cellsimmunodeficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphopenia, especially T-cell lymphopenia, is a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), indicating disease severity.
  • While mechanisms like apoptosis and tissue homing are known, the exact causes of T-cell count and function decline in COVID-19 remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on human thymic function.
  • To explore the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on thymic epithelial cells (TECs).

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of T-cell receptor and κ-deleting recombination excision circles to assess T- and B-cell neogenesis in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
  • In vitro culture of primary human thymic epithelial cells (TECs) to study SARS-CoV-2 effects on TEC function.
thymic epithelial cells
thymus

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients exhibited reduced thymic function, inversely correlated with disease severity.
  • SARS-CoV-2 utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed on thymic epithelium, particularly medullary TECs.
  • SARS-CoV-2 was shown to target TECs, downregulating key genes for cell adhesion and survival.

Conclusions:

  • The human thymus is a direct target of SARS-CoV-2, leading to altered thymic function.
  • These findings enhance understanding of T-cell homeostasis disruption in COVID-19.
  • Monitoring thymic activity could serve as a predictive marker for COVID-19 severity and progression.