Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
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A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-conventional histologies of renal-cell carcinoma

Melissa Bersanelli1, Sara Elena Rebuzzi2,3, Giandomenico Roviello4

  • 1Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|February 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise for advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), offering antitumor activity comparable to clear-cell RCC treatments. Further trials are needed for definitive recommendations in various settings.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Historically, clinical trials excluded non-conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histologies, leading to treatment based on clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) standards.
  • Limited data for non-clear cell (ncc) RCC variants necessitated a review of current therapeutic options.

Approach:

  • This narrative review explores the current evidence on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in variant RCC histologies.
  • Data from existing studies on ICI efficacy in advanced nccRCC were analyzed.

Key Points:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as monotherapy demonstrate promising antitumor activity in advanced non-clear cell RCC.
  • Objective response rates (ORR) for ICIs in nccRCC are comparable to single-agent anti-PD-1 in ccRCC, with durable benefits observed.
  • Combined ICI strategies show growing evidence in nccRCC, with notable results in sarcomatoid variants.

Conclusions:

  • ICIs represent a viable treatment option for advanced non-clear cell RCC, showing efficacy in both first-line and second-line settings.
  • While promising, definitive treatment recommendations for non-conventional RCC histologies require larger, dedicated clinical trials.
Keywords:
MiTF translocationNon-clear cell renal carcinomaSarcomatoid RCCanti-PD-1chromophobe renal cell carcinomacollecting duct carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorskidney cancernccRCCpapillary renal cell carcinoma

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