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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Closantel toxicity.

Eimear O Leary1, Sara Gasior2, Elizabeth McElnea2

  • 1Ophthalmology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland eimoleary1912@gmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|February 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A man experienced vision loss after accidentally ingesting the veterinary drug closantel. Treatment with methylprednisolone improved his vision, highlighting closantel

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary pharmacology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Closantel is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic used exclusively in veterinary medicine for livestock.
  • Accidental human ingestion of veterinary drugs can lead to unforeseen toxicological effects.

Observation:

  • A male patient in his 60s accidentally ingested approximately 1500 mg of closantel.
  • The patient presented with significant visual acuity deterioration.
  • Ocular examination revealed outer retinal layer disruption via optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography abnormalities.

Findings:

  • The patient received intravenous methylprednisolone (1g daily for 3 days).
  • Following treatment, improvements in visual acuity and OCT findings were observed.
Keywords:
EyePoisoningRetinaToxicology

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  • This case demonstrates the potential for severe ocular toxicity in humans from closantel.

    • Implications:

    • Closantel toxicity can cause profound and potentially irreversible visual impairment in humans.
    • This case underscores the critical importance of preventing accidental human exposure to veterinary drugs.
    • Clinicians should be aware of potential closantel-induced ocular toxicity and consider prompt treatment with corticosteroids.