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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Through HR-pQCT Imaging Analysis
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Elbow Arthritis.

Michael A Del Core1, Daniel Koehler1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|February 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elbow arthritis, though uncommon, causes significant pain and stiffness. Treatment ranges from conservative measures to surgical options, aiming to relieve pain and restore elbow function.

Keywords:
Arthrodesiselbow arthritisinterposition arthroplastyosteocapsular debridementsynovectomytotal elbow arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Elbow arthritis is an uncommon condition causing pain, stiffness, and instability.
  • Common causes include rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
  • Nonsurgical treatments are the first line of management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review elbow anatomy, etiologies, and diagnostic principles.
  • Discuss current and emerging treatment options for elbow arthritis.
  • Highlight the role of arthroscopic techniques in surgical management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of elbow arthritis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • Discussion of surgical interventions based on patient factors.

Main Results:

  • Conservative treatments include activity modification, medications, and therapy.
  • Surgical options are tailored to etiology, patient age, and functional demands.
  • Technological advancements, particularly arthroscopy, offer expanded treatment possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of elbow arthritis requires a thorough understanding of anatomy and etiology.
  • Treatment goals focus on pain relief and functional restoration.
  • Personalized treatment plans are essential for optimal outcomes.