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The relationship between adipokine levels and bone mass-A systematic review
Darren Mangion1, Nikolai P Pace2,3, Melissa M Formosa1,2
1Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
|February 9, 2023
Summary
Adipokines, signaling molecules from fat tissue, impact bone density. While adiponectin is linked to lower bone mineral density (BMD), leptin is associated with higher BMD, though study results vary significantly.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Homeostasis
- Bone Biology
Background:
- Adipose tissue secretes adipokines, crucial for interorgan communication and metabolic regulation.
- Altered adipokine levels are implicated in metabolic disorders, including changes in bone mass.
- Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, presents a significant health challenge.
Approach:
- This review systematically aggregated and assessed evidence from independent studies.
- A comprehensive literature search identified 57 relevant articles.
- The focus was on quantifying specific adipokines and their association with bone mineral density (BMD).
Key Points:
- Adiponectin levels were frequently associated with decreased BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.
- Leptin levels were generally associated with increased BMD at these skeletal sites.
- Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies regarding sample size, subject characteristics, ethnicity, and effect direction/magnitude.
Conclusions:
- The review underscores the biological significance of adipokines in bone metabolism.
- Conflicting findings highlight the need to address heterogeneity in study design, adipokine quantification, and confounding factors.
- Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate the causal relationships between adipokines and bone mass.
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