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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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A Heterogeneous Single Atom Cobalt Catalyst for Highly Efficient Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions.

Zhijun Li1, Xiaowen Lu1, Rufang Zhao2

  • 1Joint International Research Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Catalytic Materials & Surface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new molten-salt method creates highly efficient single-atom catalysts (SACs) with cobalt on vanadium pentoxide. These SACs excel in converting alcohols and amines to imines, demonstrating superior catalytic activity and selectivity for organic synthesis.

Keywords:
acceptorless dehydrogenative couplingcatalytic efficacycobaltsingle atom catalysisvanadium pentoxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding metal active sites in single-atom catalysts (SACs) is crucial for developing advanced catalytic systems.
  • Designing efficient and stable SACs remains a significant challenge in catalysis research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a straightforward molten-salt-assisted approach for synthesizing atomically dispersed cobalt on vanadium pentoxide.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance of the resulting cobalt SAC in the dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines.

Main Methods:

  • A molten-salt-assisted synthesis strategy was employed to create cobalt single atoms supported on a vanadium pentoxide layered material.
  • The catalytic activity was evaluated for the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with amines.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the electronic structure and catalytic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized cobalt SAC exhibited exceptional catalytic efficiency, achieving over 99% selectivity and near 100% conversion within 3 hours.
  • A high turnover frequency (TOF) of 5882 h⁻¹ was recorded, surpassing existing catalysts.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability, scalability, and broad substrate tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • The molten-salt method provides a feasible route for constructing highly active SACs at the atomic level.
  • The optimized coordination environment and electronic metal-support interaction are key to the enhanced catalytic performance.
  • This work offers a promising catalyst for efficient organic transformations.